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The prognostic significance of repeated prehospital shocks for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival
- Alexis Cournoyer, Éric Notebaert, Sylvie Cossette, Luc Londei-Leduc, Luc de Montigny, Dave Ross, Yoan Lamarche, Brian J. Potter, Alain Vadeboncoeur, Raoul Daoust, Catalina Sokoloff, Martin Albert, Francis Bernard, Judy Morris, Jean Paquet, Jean-Marc Chauny, Massimiliano Iseppon, Martin Marquis, François de Champlain, Yiorgos Alexandros Cavayas, André Denault
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine / Volume 21 / Issue 3 / May 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 November 2018, pp. 330-338
- Print publication:
- May 2019
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Objectives
Patients suffering from an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) associated with an initial shockable rhythm have a better prognosis than their counterparts. The implications of recurrent or refractory malignant arrhythmia in such context remain unclear. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between the number of prehospital shocks delivered and survival to hospital discharge among patients in OHCA.
MethodsThis cohort study included adult patients with an initial shockable rhythm over a 5-year period from a registry of OHCA in Montreal, Canada. The relationship between the number of prehospital shocks delivered and survival to discharge was described using dynamic probabilities. The association between the number of prehospital shocks delivered and survival to discharge was assessed using multivariable logistic regression.
ResultsA total of 1,788 patients (78% male with a mean age of 64 years) were included in this analysis, of whom 536 (30%) received treatments from an advanced care paramedic. A third of the cohort (583 patients, 33%) survived to hospital discharge. The probability of survival was highest with the first shock (33% [95% confidence interval 30%-35%]), but decreased to 8% (95% confidence interval 4%-13%) following nine shocks. A higher number of prehospital shocks was independently associated with lower odds of survival (adjusted odds ratio=0.88 [95% confidence interval 0.85-0.92], p < 0.001).
ConclusionSurvival remains possible even after a high number of shocks for patients suffering from an OHCA with an initial shockable rhythm. However, requiring more shocks is independently associated with worse survival.
A comparison of the degree of implementation of marine biodiversity indicators by European countries in relation to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD)
- Herman Hummel, Matt Frost, José A. Juanes, Judith Kochmann, Carlos F. Castellanos Perez Bolde, Fernando Aneiros, François Vandenbosch, João N. Franco, Beatriz Echavarri, Xabier Guinda, Araceli Puente, Camino Fernández, Cristina Galván, Maria Merino, Elvira Ramos, Paloma Fernández, Valentina Pitacco, Madara Alberte, Dagmara Wojcik, Monika Grabowska, Marlene Jahnke, Fabio Crocetta, Laura Carugati, Simonetta Scorrano, Simonetta Fraschetti, Patricia Pérez García, José Antonio Sanabria Fernández, Artem Poromov, Anna Iurchenko, Artem Isachenko, Alexandra Chava, Christina Pavloudi, François Bordeyne, Simone Fie Andersen, Elizabeth Grace Tunka Eronat, Taylan Cakmak, Paraskevi Louizidou, José Rico, Stela Ruci, David Corta Diego, Sara Mendez, Maria Rousou, Laurence de Clippele, Annukka Eriksson, Winnie van Zanten, Anna Diamant, Valentina Kirienko Fernandes de Matos
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- Journal:
- Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom / Volume 95 / Issue 8 / December 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 June 2015, pp. 1519-1531
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The degree of development and operability of the indicators for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) using Descriptor 1 (D1) Biological Diversity was assessed. To this end, an overview of the relevance and degree of operability of the underlying parameters across 20 European countries was compiled by analysing national directives, legislation, regulations, and publicly available reports. Marked differences were found between countries in the degree of ecological relevance as well as in the degree of implementation and operability of the parameters chosen to indicate biological diversity. The best scoring EU countries were France, Germany, Greece and Spain, while the worst scoring countries were Italy and Slovenia. No country achieved maximum scores for the implementation of MSFD D1. The non-EU countries Norway and Turkey score as highly as the top-scoring EU countries. On the positive side, the chosen parameters for D1 indicators were generally identified as being an ecologically relevant reflection of Biological Diversity. On the negative side however, less than half of the chosen parameters are currently operational. It appears that at a pan-European level, no consistent and harmonized approach currently exists for the description and assessment of marine biological diversity. The implementation of the MSFD Descriptor 1 for Europe as a whole can therefore at best be marked as moderately successful.
Differences in dung beetle activity at western gorilla defecation sites in south-east Cameroon: implications for establishment of Uapaca spp. seedlings
- Charles-Albert Petre, Marie-Hélène Zinque, Nikki Tagg, Roseline-Claire Beudels-Jamar, Barbara Haurez, Jean-François Josso, Philippe Moretto, Jean-Louis Doucet
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- Journal:
- Journal of Tropical Ecology / Volume 31 / Issue 2 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 January 2015, pp. 165-174
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For endozoochorous seed dispersal systems, the extant dung beetle assemblage at seed deposition sites may influence site suitability as burial activity may change the probability that seeds germinate and seedlings establish. This study tested if the different conditions of the two main seed-deposition habitats of a western lowland gorilla population of south-east Cameroon (sleeping sites and old secondary forest) influenced dung beetle assemblages and consequently the seed relocation patterns. In March 2012, in both habitats, burial patterns (proportion and depth) were described in eight stations based on two 300-g experimental faeces with known number of Uapaca spp. seeds (N = 75) left for 48 h, and beetle assemblages were described based on one 48h-dung-baited pitfall trapping session in five of these stations. To assess the impact of burial pattern on seedling emergence, Uapaca seedling emergence trials were performed in a nursery (75 seeds per depth treatment). Assemblage at sleeping sites had a higher species richness (non-significant) and was significantly more abundant than in old secondary forests. Conversely, significantly more seeds were buried in old secondary forests than sleeping sites and at significantly greater depths (mean: 14.9 cm vs. 8.7 cm). As trials suggested that burial depth ≥7 cm prevented Uapaca seedling emergence, dung beetles are assumed to induce seed loss more strongly in old secondary forests than sleeping sites (20.5% vs. 6.7% of initial seed crop). The demonstration that dung beetles may exert a negative influence on seed fate overall, and that the degree to which this occurs may vary depending on habitat, highlights the complexity in determining the suitability of deposition sites for recruitment.
Chapter 5 - Capital
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- By Claudia Kreuzsaler, Austrian National Library, François Lerouxel, Université Paris IV, †Tomasz Markiewicz, University of Warsaw, Hans-Albert Rupprecht, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Katelijn Vandorpe, KU Leuven
- Edited by James G. Keenan, Loyola University, Chicago, J. G. Manning, Yale University, Connecticut, Uri Yiftach-Firanko, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
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- Book:
- Law and Legal Practice in Egypt from Alexander to the Arab Conquest
- Published online:
- 05 May 2014
- Print publication:
- 24 April 2014, pp 226-275
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Summary
Introduction
The loan is among the most common types of Egyptian contracts recorded in Greek (Palme 2009: 368). It is also well represented in the Demotic legal tradition. The present chapter explores the types of loans represented in Demotic, and the variety of Greek loans from the Ptolemaic and Roman periods, as well as one (5.5.3) from the Byzantine. We begin with three examples of Demotic loans of the Ptolemaic period and a text dealing with the litigation concerning a loan (5.1). These are followed by: selected Greek loans of the Ptolemaic (5.2) and Roman (5.3) periods; examples of the use of real security in the Greek papyri (5.4); and Greek loans that were components of other transactions (5.5).
In classical Athens, the credit market was populated by professional bankers and private lenders who provided large maritime loans as well as smaller amounts of credit. Recent research has pointed to the segmented image of the private credit market in Athens: the rich preferred to lend to the rich, citizens to citizens, foreigners to foreigners, whereas bank credit circulated more between social groups. In Ptolemaic Egypt, however, the credit market was dominated by private lenders, who tended to lend out to relatives, fellow villagers, or colleagues. Because of the nature of the documentation, mainly small-scale loans are attested.
Contributors
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- By J. William Allwood, Eleni T. Bairaktari, Jean-Pierre Bellocq, Malika A. Benahmed, Hanne Christine Bertram, Zaver M. Bhujwalla, Ulrich Braumann, Juan Casado-Vela, Marta Cascante, Arancha Cebrián, Albert Chen, Man Ho Choi, Bong Chul Chung, Yuen-Li Chung, Morten Rahr Clausen, Patrick J. Cozzone, Ralph J. DeBerardinis, Julien Detour, Santiago Díaz-Moralli, Warwick B. Dunn, Karim Elbayed, Udo Engelke, Teresa W.-M. Fan, Ana M. Gil, Kristine Glunde, Markus Godejohann, Teresa Gómez del Pulgar, Royston Goodacre, Angelina Goudswaard, Gonçalo Graça, Richard W. Gross, Herbert H. Hill, Ralph E. Hurd, Alessio Imperiale, Kimberly A. Kaplan, Neil L. Kelleher, Michael A. Kiebish, Ann M. Knolhoff, Christina E. Kostara, Juan Carlos Lacal, Andrew N. Lane, Martin O. Leach, Norbert W. Lutz, Elizabeth Maher, Craig R. Malloy, Isaac Marin-Valencia, Laura Menchén, Bruce Mickey, Fanny Mochel, Éva Morava, François-Marie Moussallieh, Izzie J. Namer, Peter Nemes, Ioanna Ntai, Geoffrey S. Payne, Marie-France Penet, Martial Piotto, Stanislav S. Rubakhin, Elsa Sánchez-López, A. Dean Sherry, Bindesh Shrestha, Jonathan V. Sweedler, Akos Vertes, Mark R. Viant, Ralf J. M. Weber, Ron Wehrens, Ron A. Wevers, Catherine L. Winder, David S. Wishart, Kui Yang, Yi-Fen Yen
- Edited by Norbert W. Lutz, Jonathan V. Sweedler, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Ron A. Wevers
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- Book:
- Methodologies for Metabolomics
- Published online:
- 05 January 2013
- Print publication:
- 21 January 2013, pp viii-xii
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GF-120 effects on fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Sahelian agroforestry-based horticultural cropping systems
- Ousmane Zakari-Moussa, Alain Ratnadass, Jean-François Vayssières, Albert Nikiema, Dougbedji Fatondji, Halarou Salha, Kadri Aboubacar, Philippe Ryckewaert, Dov Pasternak
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Introduction. In the water-saving and income-generating agroforestry cropping systems developed and promoted by the ICRISAT in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa, particularly in Niger, fruits of domesticated Ziziphus mauritiana (“apples of the Sahel”) are severely damaged by fruit flies (Carpomya incompleta), and chemical pesticide application poses economic, environmental and human health problems. In the Bio-reclamation of Degraded Lands (BDL) system, apple of the Sahel is the main high-value crop, while in the Dryland Eco-Farm (DEF), it is grown alongside watermelon. Sclerocarya birrea (marula plum) is presently being investigated as a dryland tree species for fruit and oil production, either in orchards or such systems as BDL. Materials and methods. To complete preliminary results of earlier studies published elsewhere, we collected and incubated in 2010 ripe fruits of marula plum and watermelon in Sadoré, Niger, where the above-mentioned agroforestry systems are developed, and we recorded emerging fruit flies. We also conducted a spot-spraying experiment (using GF-120) in an apple of the Sahel orchard in Niamey in 2010; we recorded undamaged and damaged fruits and incubated the latter. In the same orchard, we set up in 2011 a fruit fly trapping survey targeting the invasive species Bactrocera invadens (Chempac® traps using methyl eugenol as the attractant). Results and discussion. The results showed that only Ceratitis cosyra emerged from marula plums, and only Dacus spp. from watermelon. The GF-120 spot-spraying experiment showed that C. incompleta was not attracted / intoxicated, contrary to Ceratitis spp. and Dacus spp.; the sprayed trees yielded significantly more marketable fruits than unsprayed ones; only C. incompleta emerged from damaged fruit. Detection trapping revealed for the first time the presence of B. invadens in the Sahelian zone of Niger, including at the time of apple of the Sahel fruit production. Conclusion. This, alongside results of earlier studies, suggests a repellent effect of GF-120 on the monophagous C. incompleta species (Trypetinae), while it is attractive to oligophagous/polyphagous Dacinae fruit flies; some of them (e.g., Dacus spp.) damage watermelon, which is part of the DEF system, and produce fruit at the same time as the jujube tree. The prospects for harnessing these two opposite regulation pathways are discussed.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Le Comité d'assistance aux étrangers de la Croix-Rouge de Belgique
- Albert François
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- International Review of the Red Cross / Volume 17 / Issue 202 / October 1935
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- 19 April 2010, pp. 733-745
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En juillet 1933, quelques amis de la Croix-Rouge internationale, se trouvant à Genève pour d'autres tâches, se réunirent, un soir, en une «table ronde», très officieuse, et examinèrent ce que pourrait faire la Croix-Rouge dans son rôle de rapprochement des peuples, à une période où les nationalismes deviennent de plus en plus étroits.
Scaling of hard thermal turbulence in Rayleigh-Bénard convection
- Bernard Castaing, Gemunu Gunaratne, François Heslot, Leo Kadanoff, Albert Libchaber, Stefan Thomae, Xiao-Zhong Wu, Stéphane Zaleski, Gianluigi Zanetti
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- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 204 / July 1989
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- 26 April 2006, pp. 1-30
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An experimental study of Rayleigh-Bénard convection in helium gas at roughly 5 K is performed in a cell with aspect ratio 1. Data are analysed in a ‘hard turbulence’ region (4 × 107 < Ra < 6 × 1012) in which the Prandtl number remains between 0.65 and 1.5. The main observation is a simple scaling behaviour over this entire range of Ra. However the results are not the same as in previous theories. For example, a classical result gives the dimensionless heat flux, Nu, proportional to $Ra^{\frac{1}{3}}$ while experiment gives an index much closer to $\frac{2}{7}$. A new scaling theory is described. This new approach suggests scaling indices very close to the observed ones. The new approach is based upon the assumption that the boundary layer remains in existence even though its Rayleigh number is considerably greater than unity and is, in fact, diverging. A stability analysis of the boundary layer is performed which indicates that the boundary layer may be stabilized by the interaction of buoyancy driven effects and a fluctuating wind.
Obscured AGB Stars in the LMC
- Albert Zijlstra, Cecile Loup, Rens Waters, Patricia Whitelock, Francois Guglielmo
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- International Astronomical Union Colloquium / Volume 155 / 1995
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- 12 April 2016, pp. 427-428
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- 1995
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We have carried out a search for obscured AGB stars in the LMC, observing fields in the vicinity of faint IRAS sources. About 25 heavily reddened AGB stars were found, with bolometric magnitudes close to the classical AGB limit of Mbol = −7.1. 10−µm. photometry for 5 sources show that these are oxygen-rich; they are similar to the Galactic OH/IR stars. Mass-loss rates vary between 5×10−4 and 2×10−6 M⊙ yr−1. We find no evidence that the mass-loss rates vary with luminosity. Neither do the mass-loss rates differ in a clear systematic way between the SMC and the LMC. The expansion velocities appear to be slightly lower in the LMC than in the Galaxy. All of the luminous stars for which periods are available have luminosities significantly above the period-luminosity relation derived for optical LMC Miras.
French Canada and Social Security
- François-Albert Angers
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science/Revue Canadienne d’Economique et de Science politique / Volume 10 / Issue 3 / August 1944
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- 07 November 2014, pp. 355-364
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- August 1944
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Social security is a rather new concept on which ideas have not yet really crystallized anywhere. And this is, of course, true of French Canada as well as of English Canada, or England, or the United States. For the present, the initiators of social-security plans have had the best of it, because their proposals have awakened sympathies everywhere in the people in general. As to the élites, they have not yet had much time to turn around, analyse the idea in depth, and pronounce a definitive judgment, the less so because it is considered good propaganda for the time being not to cool the hopes which it may have raised among the common people.
Social security, then, is a new idea in its presentation, which has just been launched and is still taking profit of the smooth seas on which one can almost always count when one is still manoeuvring along the drydocks. Later it will have to meet rough seas, it will have to meet the inquisitive eye of scholars, dissecting it in the light of their philosophy of life, of society, it will have to meet the acid test of experience. When this time comes, and it is coming rapidly, what opinion will definitively take shape in French Canada? French Canadians being what they are, i.e. Gallic-minded and imbued with a Catholic conception of life, what can one expect to meet on that subject in Quebec, if not as a unanimous opinion, at all events as a current of thought more pronounced there than anywhere else? What course can one expect French Canada to take if it is to remain faithful to the essentials of its culture? That is what I shall try to explain, putting before you, first, the essentials which have a direct bearing on the concept of social security. Then I shall proceed, in the second' place, to draw your attention to certain practical points which will show that the views coming out of that process are not at all devoid of factual value.
DICTIONARY OF SOME WORDS OF THE MALDIVE LANGUAGE
- François Pyrard
- Edited and translated by Albert Gray
- Edited by H. C. P. Bell
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- Book:
- The Voyage of François Pyrard of Laval to the East Indies, the Maldives, the Moluccas and Brazil
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- 04 April 2011
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- 02 November 2010, pp 405-422
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- 1890
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In many parts of my book I have observed upon the diversity of languages which are current throughoat the East Indies. I shall therefore content myself here, by merely repeating that about Goa and its neighbourhood, besides the Portuguese, which is the chief one in vogue, there is a native language called Canarine. Next there is the Malabar, which extends along the whole Malabar coast, from Ceylon and Cape Comory as far as Goa; for on the opposite coast, toward the east, the language commonly spoken is that called Guzerate, which extends far into the inner country of the mainland and the realm of the Grand Mogor. This language is also spoken in Cambaye, Bengal, Bisnagat, and elsewhere, differing only slightly in dialects and idioms. At Malacca there is a language called Malaye, which also prevails over a wide region, even to the Sunda Islands; for example, Sumatra, the Javas, the Moluccas, etc. As for the Maldives, they have their own separate language, which is spoken only at those islands. The best is spoken in the northern islands near the king's court, for towards the south they speak somewhat more rudely, being more remote from the court, and from intercourse with other nations. Besides this vulgar tongue, they use also the Arabic language for the affairs of religion and matters of science, just as Latin is employed with us; it is spoken and understood only by the priests and the learned.
CHAPTER XXV
- François Pyrard
- Edited and translated by Albert Gray
- Edited by H. C. P. Bell
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- The Voyage of François Pyrard of Laval to the East Indies, the Maldives, the Moluccas and Brazil
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- 04 April 2011
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- 02 November 2010, pp 303-309
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- 1890
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Summary
On the point of our departure from the island of St. Helena an accident happened that was like to ruin us. We had weighed our anchor at the shore end, and were about to weigh that toward the sea, when by ill—luck this latter was found to be fouled with an old cable which had been at the bottom of the sea a long while. This cable had been left, as was said, by some Hollander ships: it caused our anchor to run along its whole length, while we thought it was still holding to the bottom, and so the mischief arose.
The consequence was that the more force we applied the nearer our ship approached the shore. This we did not notice till we were quite close in; then the captain, perceiving the cause, gave order to cut the cable forthwith, and to leave the anchor behind and to set sail at once. The foresail and spritsail were immediately set; but this we had hardly managed ere the wind, which had till now been off shore, suddenly changed, and, coming from the sea, drove the ship on the ground, where she lay bedded in shallow water for the space of five hours. We were at our wits' end, especially when we saw some of the planks and boards of our hull come off, and, indeed, we gave ourselves up for lost.
CHAPTER XXIII
- François Pyrard
- Edited and translated by Albert Gray
- Edited by H. C. P. Bell
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- Book:
- The Voyage of François Pyrard of Laval to the East Indies, the Maldives, the Moluccas and Brazil
- Published online:
- 04 April 2011
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- 02 November 2010, pp 289-296
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- 1890
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NINE or ten days after leaving port we sighted three sail coming from the direction of Arabia towards the Maldives; we were then in the latitude of the head of these islands, which is about 8 degrees this side the line toward the north. The Portuguese, at sight of these vessels, took fright, believing them to be Hollanders. Nor were we ourselves without grave qualms, being in the company of these fellows, some of whom said that if the sail proved to be Hollanders they should throw us overboard; others, however, with more pity, said that it was no fault of ours. Those who had been in the Hollanders' hands, and had been badly treated, as the majority had, were so much the more incensed against us, and were with difficulty appeased. In the event, we failed to make out what the ships were, though I judged they belonged to the Maldives, and were coming from Arabia, or perhaps were Arabs going to Sunda, Sumatra, and Java. And so the Portuguese were again at ease, and we also.
On the 15th March 1610 we sighted the island of Diego Rodrigue, which is at the altitude of 20 degrees south of the equinoctial line, and about 40 leagues east from the island of St. Lawrence. We sighted it at break of day; it is uninhabited.
CHAPTER V
- François Pyrard
- Edited and translated by Albert Gray
- Edited by H. C. P. Bell
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- Book:
- The Voyage of François Pyrard of Laval to the East Indies, the Maldives, the Moluccas and Brazil
- Published online:
- 04 April 2011
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- 02 November 2010, pp 355-358
- First published in:
- 1890
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Pepper grows in abundance at Cochin, Calecut, Cananor, Barcelor, and all along the Malabar coast. It is thence only the Portuguese take it, and none others dare buy it in those parts. There is also great store of it in the islands of Sumatra and Java, whence the Arabs and all other Indians, and latterly the Hollanders, English, and others that voyage thither, in despite of the King of Spain, supply themselves withal; it is bigger and heavier than that of Malabar, and the Indians prize it more; the Portuguese, however, boast theirs to be the best, saying it has more strength. There are three kinds, black, white, and long. The long grows in Bengala, Brazil, and Guinea.
The black and white pepper (these being the same) comes from a plant or tree like ivy, which is planted at the foot of another tree; as it grows it entwines itself and climbs up to the top of the tree, just like the vine, the hop, the ivy, or any other climber. The leaf resembles that of the orange. The fruit grows in little bunches, rather long, in fact, resembling red currants. At first it is green, when nearly ripe it becomes red, and when dried, black. It is gathered in the months of December and January.
Ginger is commoner than pepper, and is found all over India, also in Brazil and at the island of St. Lawrence.
CHAPTER IX
- François Pyrard
- Edited and translated by Albert Gray
- Edited by H. C. P. Bell
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- The Voyage of François Pyrard of Laval to the East Indies, the Maldives, the Moluccas and Brazil
- Published online:
- 04 April 2011
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- 02 November 2010, pp 364-365
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- 1890
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The banana is a tree nine to ten feet high, very common in India, and wondrous tender, like a cabbage-stalk, and yet as big as a man's thigh. It is all covered with several sheathings one over the other, like our leeks; when these are removed the heart remains, of the thickness of the arm, which is used for making soup; the leaves are of an ell and a half in length and half an ell in width. The Gentile Indians use these leaves in place of table-cloths and plates in taking their meals, and the same leaves never serve twice. The fruit is very delicate and precious; little children are fed upon it as pap. Each tree produces but once, and is then cut down; but soon it casts forth new shoots, each of which produces the same fruit once a year. The tree exists in great quantity. The fruit grows in a bunch containing as many as 200 or 300; each is as thick as the arm, and a foot long, and very good and well-flavoured to eat; it is to be got at all seasons; at first it is green, afterwards it becomes yellow, and then is ripe. The Maldivians have large orchards full of it.
CHAPTER XI
- François Pyrard
- Edited and translated by Albert Gray
- Edited by H. C. P. Bell
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- Book:
- The Voyage of François Pyrard of Laval to the East Indies, the Maldives, the Moluccas and Brazil
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- 04 April 2011
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- 02 November 2010, pp 367-371
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- 1890
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The Maldives are very fertile in all manner of fruits, and beside those already described, which grow there, are many others, whereof I should wish to mention some, as well because they are altogether alien to the species here, as that I have myself made use of them and observed them more narrowly at the Maldives than elsewhere. I would not say that some of them may not grow elsewhere in India, nor that I may not have seen them there.
In the first place, I did much marvel to observe the very remarkable nature of a kind of root, peculiar to the Maldives, which they use much with their food, and dress very cunningly. It grows as big as a man's thigh. It is sown and cultivated; and what is astonishing is, that they cut the root alone into a number of exceeding small pieces and plant these, insomuch that it grows not from seed but from a morsel of the root—a strange fact, and contrary to the nature of other plants.
There are many sorts of trees, some bearing fruits, others only flowers. Among those bearing fruits are cocos, bananas, pomegranates, limes, and orange. Of trees less known that bear fruit, here are some observed by me.
Frontmatter
- François Pyrard
- Edited and translated by Albert Gray
- Edited by H. C. P. Bell
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- Book:
- The Voyage of François Pyrard of Laval to the East Indies, the Maldives, the Moluccas and Brazil
- Published online:
- 04 April 2011
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- 02 November 2010, pp i-vi
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- 1890
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VOYAGE: PART THE SECOND (continued)
- François Pyrard
- Edited and translated by Albert Gray
- Edited by H. C. P. Bell
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- The Voyage of François Pyrard of Laval to the East Indies, the Maldives, the Moluccas and Brazil
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- 04 April 2011
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- 02 November 2010, pp -
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- 1890
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CHAPTER IV
- François Pyrard
- Edited and translated by Albert Gray
- Edited by H. C. P. Bell
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- The Voyage of François Pyrard of Laval to the East Indies, the Maldives, the Moluccas and Brazil
- Published online:
- 04 April 2011
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- 02 November 2010, pp 352-355
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- 1890
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All India, Africa, Brazil, and the islands adjacent thereto abound (amongst many other sorts of birds) with vast numbers of parrots of all kinds. Some are of a grey and violet plumage: these are found in the island of St. Lawrence, and are good eating, of the same flavour as wood pigeons; we ate many of them during our sojourn there. The largest green parrots brought home here come from Guinea, Cape Verd, and Brazil. Those of the Indies are green too, but smaller, more tractable, and speak passing well. There is another kind, very large and all white. You see also little parrots no bigger than sparrows. In Brazil, some are all red, some all yellow, and of many other single colours: these are all much bigger than the others. As for herons, they frequent the sea, and are to be seen in great numbers under the Torrid Zone.
While I was at the Maldives a bird landed upon one of the islands, of prodigious form and size. This bird is three feet in height, the body exceedingly thick, more than a man could embrace; the plumage is all white, like a swan's; the feet are flat, as with birds that swim; the neck is half a fathom, and the beak half an ell in length; at the end of the beak above is a kind of crooked hook; the lower jaw is much larger than the upper, and has a large pocket depending therefrom, very capacious, and of a yellowish golden colour, like parchment.